Old English consonants

The following consonants are straightforward:

p [p]	t [t]	k [k]
b [b]	d [d]
m [m]	n [n]
l [l]	r [r]
x [ks]

Fricatives each have two allophones:

f [f/v]

s [s/z]

þ [θ/ð]

ð [θ/ð]

The voiceless allophone appears initially, finally, and adjacent to a voiceless consonant. The voiced allophone appears between two vowels, or between a vowel and a voiced consonant.

The 'h' sounds has three allophones:

h [h/ç/x]

The [h] sound appears initially, [ç] after a front vowel, and [x] after a back vowel.

The sounds 'c' and 'g' have two allophones:

c [tʃ/k]

g [j/g]

The first allophone appears: (a) before a front vowel; and (b) at the end of a word, after a front vowel. The second allophone appears before a back vowel or a consonant.

Some special combinations:

cn [kn]

gn [gn]

sc [ʃ]

cg [dʒ]